Mobile phone calls, genetic susceptibility, and new |
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Abstract
Aims The relationship between mobile phone use for making or receiving calls and hypertension risk remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations of mobile phone use for making or receiving calls and the use frequency with new-onset hypertension in the general population, using data from the UK Biobank. Methods and resultsA total of 212 046 participants without prior hypertension in the UK Biobank were included. Participants who have been using a mobile phone at least once per week to make or receive calls were defined as mobile phone users. The primary outcome was new-onset hypertension. During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 13 984 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Compared with mobile phone non-users, a significantly higher risk of new-onset hypertension was found in mobile phone users [hazards ratio (HR), 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.12]. Among mobile phone users, compared with those with a weekly usage time of mobile phones for making or receiving calls 6 h (HR, 1.25; 95%CI: 1.13–1.39) (P for trend 8 years), weekly usage time of mobile phones for making or receiving calls, and hands-free device/speakerphone use to make or receive calls (never or almost never, less than half the time, about half the time, more than half the time, and always or almost always) with new-onset hypertension in the mobile phone users, were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models [hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Model 1 adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, BMI, race, Townsend deprivation index, family history of hypertension, education, smoking status, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, C-reactive protein, blood glucose, eGFR, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and glucose-lowering medications. Model 3 included all the covariates in Model 2 plus mutual adjustments for different behaviours of mobile phones making or receiving calls. The proportional hazards assumptions for the Cox model were tested using the Schoenfeld residuals method and no violation of this assumption was detected. 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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] |
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